6.3 Artificial intelligence (AI)

Describe what is meant by AI
- The simulation of intelligent behaviours by computers
- A collection of data and the rules for using that data
- Has the ability to reason
- Has the ability to learn/adapt

How the expert system operates and how it is used to help diagnose the problem
- The user will enter data into the interface
- The inference engine will decide which questions to ask by using the previous answers given
- The inference engine will decide on a diagnosis by comparing the data entered to the knowledge base and rule base
-  by calculating which option is most likely if there are multiple
- The interface will output the diagnosis/result

characteristics of an AI system
− The ability to learn/adapt // machine learning abilities
− The collection of data and the rules for using that data
− The ability to reason // has problem solving abilities // makes predictions
− Simulates intelligent/human behaviour
− Analyses patterns

Explain how the program will use AI
• Use **machine** **learning** algorithms
• Collects data about where it has been
• Collect data about obstacles/problems
• Store successful actions
• Stores unsuccessful actions
• Identify/store patterns
• … to make sure it does not repeat the same incorrect route
• … so, it knows how to react to obstacles next time
• …so, it knows what is most likely to work next time

Explain how an expert system operates
− It has an interface …
… used to input data/view output
− It has a knowledge base
− It has a rule base
− It has an inference engine
− Applies the rule base to/and the knowledge base to provide output/diagnosis/result/solution/decision
− Decides what to ask next based on the data input

Describe what is meant by machine learning capabilities.
- It is a form of artificial intelligence
- Means it can adapt/change (its own processes) // It can edit its own algorithms
- It can edit its own data
- It can be trained
- … this can be supervised/unsupervised
- … meaning it can learn with/without human interaction
- Analyses patterns and stores **successful**/**unsuccessful** results …
- … to influence future decisions
- (Supervised) means a user tells the system the input and output
- (Unsupervised) means the system is given the input and needs to work out the output