9618 Computer Science
AS Content
Chpater 1 Information representation
1.1 Data representation
1.2 Multimedia
1.3 Compression
Chapter 2 Communication
2.1 Networking
2.2 The internet
Chpater 3 Hardware
3.1 Computers and their components
3.2 Logic Gates and Logic Circuits
Chapter 4 Processor Fundamentals
4.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Architecture
4.2 Assembly Language
4.3 Bit manipulation
Chapter 5 System Software
5.1 Operating Systems
5.2 Language Translators
Chapter 6 Security, privacy and data integrity
6.1 Data Security
6.2 Data Integrity
Chpater 7 Ethics and Ownership
7.1 Ethics and Ownership
Chapter 8 Databases
8.1 Database Concepts
8.2 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
8.3 Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Chapter 9 Algorithm Design and Problem-solving
9.1 Computational Thinking Skills
9.2 Algorithms
Chapter 10 Data Types and Records
10.1 Data Types and Records
10.2 Arrays
10.3 Files
10.4 Introduction to Abstract Data Types (ADT)
Chapter 11 Programming
11.1 Programming Basics
11.2 Constructs
11.3 Structured Programming
Chapter 12 Software Development
12.1 Program Development Life cycle
12.2 Program Design
12.3 Program Testing and Maintenance
A2 Content
Chapter 13 Data Representation
13.1 User-defined data types
13.2 File organisation and access
13.3 Floating-point numbers, representation and manipulation
Chpater 14 Communication and internet technologies
14.1 Protocols
14.2 Circuit switching, packet switching
Chpater 15 Hardware
15.1 Processors, Parallel Processing and Virtual Machines
15.2 Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits
Chapter 16 Operating System
16.1 Purposes of an Operating System (OS)
16.2 Translation Software
Chpater 17 Security
17.1 Encryption, Encryption Protocols and Digital certificates
Chpater 18 Artificial intelligence (AI)
18.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Chapter 19 Computational thinking and problem solving
19.1 Algorithms
19.2 Recursion
Chapter 20 Further programming
20.1 Programming Paradigms
20.2 File Processing and Exception Handling
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5.2 Language Translators
### Translator - converts a high-level / low-level language code to the binary language code which machines can understand. ##### Assemblers - The software translates low-level statements into machine code(object code / binary) for the processor to execute. - The mnemonics used translates into machine opcodes - Process simple because assembly language has a one-to-one relationship with machine code. ##### Compiler - A compiler is a complex piece of software whose job is to convert source code to machine understandable code (or binary code) in one go. - The software reads the source code and reports all errors. The software produces an executable file. ###### Operation - Attempts to translate the whole source code - Creates a separate error report at the end of the translation process - If translation successful / no errors creates an executable file ###### Benefits - Once translated the compiler software is not needed to run the program - Compiled code should execute faster - Compiler produces an executable file - The executable file produced by a compiler can be distributed without users having sight of the source code // source code is kept secure // users are unable to make changes to the program - Cross-compilation is possible ###### Drawbacks - larger amounts of source code take time to compile - slower to produce the object code than an interpreter - code cannot be changed without recompilation - the program will not run if there are any errors - errors cannot be corrected in real-time - one error may result in other false errors being reported - cannot easily test specific sections of the source code // cannot easily test unfinished source code ##### Interpreter - An interpreter is a software program written to translate source code to machine code but it does that line by line. ###### Operation - Reads each line then translates it and executes it - Stops when an error is encountered // displays errors where it finds them ###### Benefits - Easier de-bugging - The interpreter stops when error encountered - error can be corrected in real time - The interpreter translates a statement then executes it immediately - Parts of the program can be tested, without all the program code being available. ###### Drawbacks - Source code is needed at run time - No executable file produced, (so source code can be edited) - Translation software needed every time the program is run - execution time increased ##### Hybrid approach (partially compiled and partially interpreted) - Best of both the world - compiler and interpreter. - Code privacy from compilation and portability from interpretation. ###### Benefits - partially compiled programs can be used on different platforms as they are interpreted when run - code is optimised for the CPU as machine code is generated at run time ###### Drawbacks - Intermediate code / program still needs to be interpreted on the user's computer, which may run slowly - Extra CPU resources may be required #### Integrated Development Environment - Coding - Context-sensitive prompts: Displays choice of keywords and available identifiers appropriate at current insertion point and provides choices in alphabetical order - Highlights undeclared/unassigned variable identifiers - Initial Error Detection - Dynamic syntax checks: Automatic checking and highlighting of syntax errors, as soon as line typed - Type checking & parameter checking - Presentation - Prettyprint: Automatic indentation and color-coding of keywords - Expand and Collapse code blocks: Saves excessive scrolling if collapsed, and easy to see global variable declarations and main program body when collapsed - Debugging - Single stepping: Executes program line-by-line to see the effect of each statement on variables - Breakpoints: Pauses program at a specific line to ensure program operates correctly up to that line - Variables/expressions Report Window: Monitors variables for comparing values.
Theo
2025年5月30日 13:26
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